【12c】新特性:一文带你详细了解Oracle 12c 数据库的自动数据优化(ADO)
写在前面
Oracle 12c 可以通过热图和自动数据优化(ADO)实现信息生命周期的管理(ILM),上篇介绍了热图,本篇将对自动数据优化进行展开,通过热图和自动数据优化,最终实现信息生命周期管理。
1 自动数据优化工作流程
使用自动数据优化,必须先在系统级别启用热图,通过修改初始化参数heat_map即可,启用热图后,数据库会自动在段上进行热图统计信息的收集,可通过数据字典视图查看热图相关的信息,具体可参考:Oracle 12c Heat Map 热图 。
2 创建策略
策略可以在执行create table或alter table时在行、段、表空间级别进行创建,在满足指定的策略时可以进行数据的自动压缩和移动,从而完成数据的归档。
2.1 策略创建语法
通过下面的语法结构我们可以知道以下内容。
1)ADO主要在两个层面实现数据的优化,分别为
- 压缩
- 存储分层
2)压缩的类型
- ROW STORE COMPRESS BASIC(Bisic压缩)
- ROW STORE COMPRESS ADVCANCED(Advanced压缩)
- COLUMN STORE COMPRESS FOR QUERY LOW/HIGH(HCC Query压缩)
- COLUMN STORE COMPRESS FOR ArCHIVE LOW/HIGH(HCC Archive压缩)
3)压缩作用域
- Tablespace 表空间:默认设置存储对象
- Group 组:目标对象的索引和LOB
- Segment 段:表、分区和子分区
- Row 行:数据行
4)访问模式
- NO ACESS:无INSERT、DELETE、UPDATE、SELECT
- NO MODIFICATION:无INSERT、DELETE、UPDATE
- CREATION:创建段
5)启动时机
- DAY
- MONTH
- YEAR
ilm_clause::=
ilm_policy_clause::=
ilm_compression_policy::=
table_compression::=
ilm_tiering_policy::=
ilm_time_period::=
2.2 示例:演示压缩
0)查看heat_map初始化参数配置
ALEN@PROD2> show parameter heat_mapNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------heat_map string ON
1)创建测试表,可以看出,数据行为259418,表没有被压缩,表占用空间为11534336 BYTES
ALEN@PROD2> create table sales_ado as select * from sales;Table created.ALEN@PROD2> select count(1) from sales_ado;COUNT(1)----------259418ALEN@PROD2> select t.compression,t.compress_for from user_tables t where t.table_name='SALES_ADO';COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR-------- ------------------------------DISABLEDALEN@PROD2> select t.bytes from user_segments t where t.segment_name='SALES_ADO';BYTES----------11534336
2)创建策略
ALEN@PROD2> alter table sales_ado ilm add policy row store compress advanced segment after 30 days of no modification;Table altered.
3)查看创建的策略
ALEN@PROD2> col policy_name for a10ALEN@PROD2> col policy_type for a30ALEN@PROD2> select policy_name,policy_type,enabled,deleted from user_ilmpolicies;POLICY_NAM POLICY_TYPE ENABLED DELETED---------- ------------------------------ ------- -------P102 DATA MOVEMENT YES NO
4)查看策略对象
ALEN@PROD2> col object_owner for a10ALEN@PROD2> col object_name for a20ALEN@PROD2> set linesize 200ALEN@PROD2> select policy_name,object_owner,object_name,object_type,inherited_from,enabled,deleted from user_ilmobjects;POLICY_NAM OBJECT_OWN OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INHERITED_FROM ENA DEL---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------ -------------------- --- ---P102 ALEN SALES_ADO TABLE POLICY NOT INHERITED YES NO
5)查看热图信息
ALEN@PROD2> select object_name,track_time,segment_write,full_scan,lookup_scan from user_heat_map_seg_histogram where object_name='SALES_ADO';OBJECT_NAME TRACK_TIME SEG FUL LOO-------------------- ------------------- --- --- ---SALES_ADO 2020-05-26 18:59:53 NO YES NOALEN@PROD2> select object_name,segment_write_time,segment_read_time,full_scan,lookup_scan from user_heat_map_segment where object_name='SALES_ADO';OBJECT_NAME SEGMENT_WRITE_TIME SEGMENT_READ_TIME FULL_SCAN LOOKUP_SCAN-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------SALES_ADO 2020-05-26 19:01:14
6)因为策略是30天内没有修改的话,就启用高级压缩,下面进行模拟,将时间向前推33天
SYS@PROD2> exec dbms_ilm_admin.set_heat_map_table('ALEN','SALES_ADO','',sysdate-33,2);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
7)再次查看热图信息,可以看出 2020-04-23之后没有对表做修改
ALEN@PROD2> select object_name,track_time,segment_write,full_scan,lookup_scan from user_heat_map_seg_histogram where object_name='SALES_ADO';OBJECT_NAME TRACK_TIME SEG FUL LOO-------------------- ------------------- --- --- ---SALES_ADO 2020-05-26 19:06:38 NO YES NOSALES_ADO 2020-04-23 19:06:03 NO NO NOALEN@PROD2> select object_name,segment_write_time,segment_read_time,full_scan,lookup_scan from user_heat_map_segment where object_name='SALES_ADO';OBJECT_NAME SEGMENT_WRITE_TIME SEGMENT_READ_TIME FULL_SCAN LOOKUP_SCAN-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------SALES_ADO 2020-04-23 19:06:03 2020-05-26 19:06:55
8)通过第7步可知,30天内对表没有进行修改操作,那么按照策略,会启用压缩,但策略的执行,需要对应的窗口,或时间间隔,下面进行手工触发策略
ALEN@PROD2> set serveroutput onALEN@PROD2> declarev_taskid number;begindbms_ilm.execute_ilm(v_taskid,dbms_ilm.scope_schema,dbms_ilm.ilm_execution_offline);dbms_output.put_line('Task ID is '||v_taskid);end;/Task ID is 63PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
9)查看任务的执行情况,可以看出任务执行完成
ALEN@PROD2> select task_id,state,creation_time +0 ct,start_time+0 st,completion_time+0 dt from user_ilmtasks where task_id=63;TASK_ID STATE CT ST DT---------- --------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------63 COMPLETED 2020-05-26 19:12:44 2020-05-26 19:12:44 2020-05-26 19:12:46ALEN@PROD2> select task_id,policy_name,object_name,object_type,SELECTED_FOR_EXECUTION,job_name from user_ilmevaluationdetails;TASK_ID POLICY_NAM OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE SELECTED_FOR_EXECUTION JOB_NAME---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- ----------63 P102 SALES_ADO TABLE SELECTED FOR EXECUTION ILMJOB608
10)检查策略执行后,表是否压缩,以及压缩比率
ALEN@PROD2> select t.compression,t.compress_for from user_tables t where t.table_name='SALES_ADO';COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR-------- ------------------------------ENABLED ADVANCEDALEN@PROD2> select t.bytes from user_segments t where t.segment_name='SALES_ADO';BYTES----------4194304
可以看出,执行策略后,表进行了高级压缩,4194304/11534336 = 0.36 差不多压缩到原来的三分之一。
2.3 示例:演示存储分层
1)创建表空间,分别用于存放数据以及归档数据
SYS@PROD2> create tablespace ts_data datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/ts_data01.dbf' size 13M;Tablespace created.SYS@PROD2> create tablespace ts_low_store datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/ts_low01.dbf' size 50M;Tablespace created.
2)创建测试表,表段占用空间为11M,占用ts_data表空间的85%
ALEN@PROD2> create table sales_ts_ado tablespace ts_data as select * from sales;Table created.ALEN@PROD2> select t.compression,t.compress_for,t.tablespace_name from user_tables t where t.table_name='SALES_TS_ADO';COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR TABLESPACE_NAME-------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------DISABLED TS_DATAALEN@PROD2> select sum(t.bytes)/1024/1024 from user_segments t where t.segment_name='SALES_TS_ADO';SUM(T.BYTES)/1024/1024----------------------11
3)策略默认参数是表空间使用百分比TBS PERCENT USED达到85时,会进行数据移动,这里为了实验的目的,修改该值为80
SYS@PROD2> exec dbms_ilm_admin.customize_ilm(8,80);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
4)创建存储分层策略,当表空间使用达到80%时,即会进行数据的移动
ALEN@PROD2> alter table sales_ts_ado ilm add policy tier to ts_low_store;Table altered.
5)查看策略
ALEN@PROD2> select policy_name,object_owner,object_name,object_type,inherited_from,enabled,deleted from user_ilmobjects;POLICY_NAM OBJECT_OWN OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INHERITED_FROM ENA DEL---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------ -------------------- --- ---P102 ALEN SALES_ADO TABLE POLICY NOT INHERITED NO NOP142 ALEN SALES_TS_ADO TABLE POLICY NOT INHERITED YES NO
6)手工触发策略
ALEN@PROD2> declarev_taskid number;begindbms_ilm.execute_ilm(v_taskid,dbms_ilm.scope_schema,dbms_ilm.ilm_execution_offline);dbms_output.put_line('Task ID is '||v_taskid);end;/Task ID is 84PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
7)查看任务执行情况,验证策略执行结果
ALEN@PROD2> select task_id,state,creation_time +0 ct,start_time+0 st,completion_time+0 dt from user_ilmtasks where task_id=84;TASK_ID STATE CT ST DT---------- --------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------84 COMPLETED 2020-05-26 20:25:19 2020-05-26 20:25:19 2020-05-26 20:25:21ALEN@PROD2> select t.compression,t.compress_for,t.tablespace_name from user_tables t where t.table_name='SALES_TS_ADO';COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR TABLESPACE_NAME-------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------DISABLED TS_LOW_STORE
可以看到,执行策略后,表段对应的表空间由TS_DATA移到了TS_LOW_STORE,从而自动完成了数据的存储分层移动。
3 管理策略
3.1 禁用/启用策略
ALEN@PROD2> alter table sales_ado ilm disable policy P102;Table altered.ALEN@PROD2> alter table sales_ado ilm enable policy P102;Table altered.
3.2 删除策略
ALEN@PROD2> alter table sales_ado ilm delete policy P102;Table altered.
3.3 管理ADO参数
1)查看ADO参数
ALEN@PROD2> select * from dba_ilmparameters;NAME VALUE------------------------------ ----------ENABLED 1RETENTION TIME 30JOB LIMIT 2EXECUTION MODE 2EXECUTION INTERVAL 15TBS PERCENT USED 80TBS PERCENT FREE 25POLICY TIME 18 rows selected.
2)修改参数,使用dbms_ilm_admin.customize_ilm
ALEN@PROD2> conn / as sysdbaConnected.SYS@PROD2> exec dbms_ilm_admin.customize_ilm(parameter =>11 , value => 0);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
4 监控策略
策略的监控主要通过数据字典视图,分别如下:
1)dba / user_ilmdatamovementpolicies
展示和ILM策略相关的数据移动信息。
2)dba / user_ilmtasks
展示ILM执行的任务信息。
3)dba / user_ilmevaluationdetails
展示ILM任务的评估信息。
4)dba / user_ilmobjects
展示策略和对象信息。
5)dba / user_ilmpolicies
展示策略信息。
6)dba / user_ilmresults
展示数据移动相关的作业信息。
7)dba_ilmparameters
展示ADO相关的参数信息。
以上就是自动数据优化相关的介绍和演示。
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